WHAT IS COMPUTER HISTORY| AND ITS EXTRA INFORMATION ABOUT

History Of Computer

what is a computer?

A computer is an electronic devices operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can:

• Accept data (input)
• Process the data according to specified rules (process)
• Produce results (output)
• Store the results (storage) for future use.

History Of Computer

Dear children, you have learnt that the computer is an electronic machine that helps you in almost every field of life. it is important to know that the computer you see today is not how it looked when it was invented. Let us learn about the story of computer from the beginning.
The development of computer can be divided into two parts:

• The early age
• The modern age

The Early Age

Abacus: Abacus was developed over 5000 years back in 3000 BC in china. it is considered as the first man-made device for doing calculations.
The device was made up of a wooden frame having sliding beads on thin metal rods in two sections- heaven and earth.there were 2 beads each of the rods in the heaven section and 5 beads on each rod in the earth section. calculations were done by moving the beads up and down on the rods.
Napier’s Bones: this device was invented by john Napier in 1617 for doing calculations easily. it was made up using a set of rectangular rods marked with numbers on them.

Slide rule: Napier’s invention led the Invention of the slide rule, first built in England in 1632. in the 1960’s, the NASA engineers of the mercury, Gemini and Apollo programs which landed men on the moon used the slide rule for calculations.

Pasca-line: it was the first mechanical calculator invented in 1642. Blaise Pascal the 19-years old son of a French tax collector, invented this machine and named it as Numeric wheel Pasca-line.

Leibniz’s calculator: this was invented in 1671 by G.W. Leibniz. it could multiply, Divide, add and subtract.

The Modern age
The Modern age is marked by the contribution of Charles Babbage in the development of the computers.
Contribution of Charles Babbage
The difference engine: Charles Babbage (1791-1871) was an English mathematician who invented the difference engine in 1822. it was an automatic calculating machine. later, he gave the idea of the analytical engine which had all the features of a modern program controlled digital computer. for this, Charles Babbage is also known as the ‘ father of computers’.

lady Augusta Ada Lovelace
Augusta Ada was Babbage’s assistant and daughter of English poet, lord Byron. she worked a lot on Charles Babbage’s invention and revised the Analytica engine. she created the ‘instruction routines’ to be fed into the computer and suggested binary data (combination of 0s and 1s). now you know – lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was the first Female computer programmer.

Herman Hollerith’s Tabulating Machine

in the year 1880, Herman Hollerith, a census statistician developed a machine called tabulating machine. he borrowed the idea of punched cards. tabulating machine had the capability of recording data and could also do calculations.
Herman Hollerith later formed a company which is now known as the international business machines or IBM.

The First Digital Electronic Computer-ABC

first computer prototype, to use vacuum tubes instead mechanical switches, was built by John V. Atanasoff and Clifford E. berry. it was called “Atanasoff berry computer”(ABC). it used the binary number system like a Modern computer.
Z3 mark-I : in 1942, a binary computer, based on electro-mechanical relay switches, was made by Conrad Zeus and was called Z3Mark-I.
Mark-I : ‘mark-I’ was the first electro-Mechanical computer developed in 1941 by Howard. it was 56 feet long, weighed five tons and used punched cards and typewriter for input and output. it was considered as the first computer on its real sense.

ENIAC and UNIVAC

ENIAC is an acronym, for ‘electronic Numerical integrator and computer’. this machine laid the foundation for the Modern electronic computing industry. more than any other machine, the ENIAC demonstrated that high-speed digital computing was possible using the then-available vacuum tube technology. it was developed in 1945 by john Mauchly and J. Prospers.
Mauchly and Eckert went on with their work and later developed the UNIVAC-I (universal automatic computer. it was the first Commerical electronic computer, which came in the market in 1951. it could work with numeric and text data.

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