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Six Day in Computer Fundamentals

Computer Fundamentals

(Introduction of Computer)

Generation of Computer

What is the Generation? (What is Generation?)

Computers based on the old technology of electronics have been replaced by a new form of machines, and this phase is called the creation of computers. There are five generations of computers.

First generation computer (1946–1959)

(i) Large in size, takes up a lot of space in a room. It weighed over 30 tons
(ii) Very slow input and output devices.
(iii) High power consumption.
(iv) Expensive to buy.
(v) Limited memory space.
(vi) Relying on vacuum tube for internal operation. (vii) The first generation computers worked on the binary-coded concept (Language 0,1).
(vii) Air condition required to cool the heat generated. (viii) Difficult to maintain.

Example:- First generation computers:-

1. ENIAC
2. EDVAC
3. UNIVAC
4. IBM-701
5. IBM-650

Second Generation Computers (1959–1965)

(i) Small in size.
(ii) Low cost.
(iii) Faster than the first generation computers.
(iv) Low power consumption.
(v) Increase in memory space.
(vi) Using transistors, replacing vacuum tubes. (vii) generate less heat.
(viii) Easy to maintain.

Example:- Second generation computer:-

1. IBM 1620
2. IBM 7094
3. CDC 1604
4. CDC 3600
5. UNIVAC 1108

Third Generation Computers (1965 – 1971)

(i) Small in size.
(ii) Low cost.
(iii) High speed.
(iv) Low power consumption.
(v) Large memory space due to replacement of memory in the chip.
(vi) Using Integrated Circuits (IC) in place of transistors.
(vii) Heat was generated.
(viii) Easy to maintain.

Example:- Third generation computer:-

1. IBM-360 series
2. Honeywell -6000 series
3. PDP (Personal Data Processor)
4. IBM-370/168
5. TDC-316

Fourth Generation Computers (1971–1980)

(I) Very small in size.
(ii) Very low cost.
(iii) Very high speed.
(iv) Very low power consumption.
(v) Lots of memory space.
(vi) Using VLSI (Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit) in place of IC.
(vii) generates very little heat.
(viii) Very easy to maintain.

Example:- Fourth generation computer:-

1. DEC 10
2. STAR 1000
3. PDP 11
4. CRAY-1 (Super Computer)
5. CRAY-X-MP (Super Computer)

Fifth generation computer (1981-to date)

(i) ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integrated) technology
(ii) Development of true artificial intelligence
(iii) Development of Natural Language Processing
(iv) Development of expert systems for decision making in real life situations
(v) Natural language comprehension and generation
(vi) More user friendly interface with multimedia feature
(vii) Availability of very powerful and affordable rates.

Example:- Some of the fourth generation computer types are –

1. Desktop
2. Laptop
3. Notebook
4. Ultrabook (Ultrabook)
5. Chromebook

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