WHAT IS NETWORKING |FULL DETAIL ITS EXTRA INFORMATION

Networking

Computer network

The word ‘network’ may be defined as a collection of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing information and resources. These interconnected computers cam be within a local area or may cross different countries.

Computer networking is a core part of the whole information technology field. computer can never communicate with each other locally and remotely in the absence of the computer networking. just imagine a bank and corporate office without computer networking! how difficult it would be for the employees to communicate or share the data.

In today’s world, networking is used in bank transactions, the internet and online ticketing and reservation and other fields.

Networking is necessity

The need if networking arises due to following reasons:

Limited resources:

Instead of connecting a printer to all the computers separately, you can connect it to the main network. in this way, every computer can share the printer on a priority basic.

Desire to share information:

Information is contralised. thus, it is made available to all the computers connected to a network.

Cost reduction:

It reduces cost as input device like scanner and the output device like printer can be easily shared.

Part of a computer network:

The various parts f a computer network are discussed here:

workstations:

The individual computers connected to a network that share data and information are called workstations or terminals. they can be compared to clerk working together in a group in a department to do a specific job.

Server:

The main computer in the networking environment that controls the functioning of the whole network is called the server.

Communication channels:

These are used to connect the computers for the purpose of sharing information. these communication channels can be either cables, or fiber optics or radio waves or through satellites.

Modem:

It is a modulator and demodulator. it converts the digital signals to analog and vice versa for effective transmission of data.

Types of network

Loyal area network (LAN)

When the computers are interconnected in the same office building, school or home for sharing information then it form local area network (LAN). LAN connects computers over a relating short distance. it generally uses cable as the communication channels.

Metropolitan area network (MAN)

When computers are interconnected to extend over an entire city, then it forms Metropolitan Area Network or MAN. For example, all the branches of a company are interconnected using MAN with the same city. The cable operator supplies cable television network using MAN. The
communication channels in this case are either cable or satellites.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

When the computers are interconnected for transmitting information over a large geographical area that may comprise a country, a continent or even the whole world then it form a wide area network or WAN. The internet is the best example os WAN.

The communication channels are mostly through satellites.

The Internet

Definition of the internet

The internet stands for International Network. it is a vast network of computers which is made up of thousands of networks worldwide. Millions of computers are presently connected to the internet.

The internet connects computers all over the world and allows the user to access various websites.

There is no growing body that control the internet. there are origanisation which develop technical aspects of this network and try to set standards or rules for creating applications for it.

Basic Internet terms

World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web, i.e. WWW is a system or collection of the interlinked pages that can be accessed through the internet for a variety of information. these interlinked pages are called the webpage comprising text, audio, graphics, links to other page, ect. the world wide web has enabled the spread of information over the internet through an easy-to-use flexible format. it thus play an inportant role in popularising the use of internet.

Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

An internet service providers (ISP) is a company that offers customers access to the Internet. ISP connects to its customers using a data transmission technology appropriate for delivering internet services such as dial Up, wireless, Modern or dedicated high speed interconnects. Some examples of it in india are MTNL, VSNL, AIRTEL, etc.

Search Engine

A ‘search engine’ is a program that searches documents for specified keywords are found. google, AltaVista, Yahoo, Bing, etc. are examples of some search engines.

Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

‘Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP)’ is a set OS rules followed to transfer the hyperlinked or the hyper text document over the internet. it allows the users to e-mail services and give space on the Internet to show documents. Some ISPs are free and give you as many email addresses as you want whereas for some, you need to subscribe.

Services Provided by Internet

Email

Email is the abbreviation of Electronic mail. it allows computer users locally and globally to exchange messages. The users have a mailbox address. for example, [email protected]. the message sent through email can arrive within a few seconds. You can also send files of text, audio, video, graphics, etc. by attaching it with your e-mail. some common service providers are gmail, Yahoomail, hotmail, rediffmail, etc. In this way, information sharing and retrieval is available anywhere with access to the internet.

E-business

Internet is a good platform from for business. new products can be launched, imagined and advertised. customers can buy and sell product through the internet is called online shopping.

Entertainment

The internet is also a good source of entertainment. you can download music files, video files, games, etc. some game are available online also. you can access information on any subject and get to know what is going on around the world.

E-chat

The user can access to certain websites and communicate with various other user online through internet chat software. E-chat is interactive source of communiocation. as you type the message on the screen and send, you immediately ressive replies from the other user who are logged on.

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