What is UNIVAC-Univac Full Form

What is UNIVAC- Who made it and when

Topics

• Univac Full Form
• What is UNIVAC-Univac Full Form
• UNIVAC I Supervisory Control Console
• History of UNIVAC
• Specifications of UNIVAC I
• Chronology of UNIVAC I

Univac Full Form

Full Form of Univac is – Universal Automatic Computer.

What is UNIVAC-Univac Full Form

On June 14, 1951, the US Census Bureau dedicated UNIVAC, the world’s first commercially manufactured electronic digital computer. UNIVAC, which stood for Universal Automatic Computer, J.D. The prepper was developed by Eckert and John Molly, makers of the first general-purpose electronic digital computer ENIAC. These giant computers, which used thousands of vacuum tubes for calculations, were the precursors of today’s digital computers.

UNIVAC I Supervisory Control Console

This console can start, interrupt and stop UNIVAC I. The operator uses the keyboard to send instructions directly to the computer. An oscilloscope can be attached to the console for maintenance work.

History of UNIVAC

History of Univac Full Form – Universal Automatic Computer

The search for mechanical devices to aid computation began in ancient times. Abacus, developed in various forms by the Babylonian, Chinese, and Romans, was the first digital computer, as it calculated values ​​using digits.

A mechanical digital calculating machine was manufactured in France in 1642, but Charles Babbage, a 19th century Englishman, is credited with formulating most of the theories on which modern computers are based. Their “Analytical Engine” began in the 1830s and was never completed due to lack of funds, it was based on a mechanical loom and was the first programmable computer.

By the 1920s, companies such as the International Business Machine Corporation (IBM) were supplying governments and businesses with complex punch-card tabulation systems, but these mechanical devices included the first electronic digital computer, the Etansoff-Berry computer (ABC) calculating power. Was only a part of.

Completed by John Attanasoff of Iowa State in 1939, ABC could solve 29 equations by 1941 with 29 variables. Influenced by Etanasoff’s work, Prisper Eckert and John Mauchly set about building the first general-purpose electronic digital computer in 1943. The sponsor was the US Army Ordnance Department, which wanted a better way of calculating the artillery firing table, and worked on it at the University of Pennsylvania.

The ENIAC, abbreviated as Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator, was completed in 1946 at a cost of approximately $ 500,000. It covered a distance of 15,000 feet, fitted 17,000 vacuum tubes, and some 6,000 switches were programmed by plug-ins and replays. It was first used in a computation for the Los Almos laboratories in December 1945, and was formally dedicated in February 1946.

First UNIVAC

Following the success of ENIAC, Eckert and Mauchly decided to go into private business and founded Eckert-Maucht Computer Corporation. They proved to be less capable businessmen than engineers, and in 1950 their struggling company was acquired by office equipment company Remington Rand. On June 14, 1951, Remington Rand gave his first computer, UNIVAC I, to the US Census Bureau. It weighed 16,000 pounds, used 5,000 vacuum tubes, and could perform 1,000 calculations per second.

The first UNIVAC I was granted on 14 June 1951. A total of 46 UNIVAC I computers were distributed from 1951 to 1958, all of which have been phased out.

UNIVAC handled both numbers and alphabetical characters equally well. UNIVAC I was unique in that it separated the complex problems of input and output from the actual computation feature. Mercury delay lines were used to store computer programs. The program operated within lines in the form of phonetic pulses, which could be read from the line and written into it.

The first UNIVAC came to the US Government Census Bureau. The first commercial customer to buy UNIVAC was Prudential Insurance Company.

In 1952, UNIVAC I successfully predicted the outcome of the 1952 presidential election during a television news broadcast.

General Electric’s equipment division created the first successful industrial payroll application for UNIVAC I in 1954.

In 1956, Westinghouse Electric Company installed the UNIVAC computer at its East Pittsburgh plant. UNIVAC was used to calculate the company’s payroll, sales records, sales performance analysis, and other company’s business. UNIVAC could conduct 90,000 transactions per month.

With Walter Cronkite anchoring the CBS 1952 presidential election return on nationwide broadcast television, UNIVAC was used to predict who would win the election and who would become the next President of the United States.

At the time of General Eisenhower’s election in November 1952, the first UNIVAC I was still running at the Eckert-Mauchly facility in Philadelphia. Shortly thereafter, it was removed to the Census Bureau in Sutland, Maryland USA.

Specifications of UNIVAC I

The machine was 25 feet x 50 feet in length, with 5,600 tubes, 18,000 crystal diodes and 300 relays. It used serial circuitry, 2.25 MHz bit rate, and had an internal storage capacity of 1,000 words or 12,000 characters.

It used a typewriter, magnetic tape and typewriter output.

UNIVAC was used for general purpose computing with large amounts of inputs and outputs.

The power consumption was about 120 kva. Its reported speed is 0.525 milliseconds for arithmetic functions, 2.15 milliseconds for multiplication and 3.9 milliseconds for division.

UNIVAC I was also the first computer to be equipped with a magnetic tape unit and the first computer to use buffer memory.

Each Univac I was equipped with ten magnetic tape drives each and all were compatible, that is, tape generated on one drive could be used on any drive. Furthermore, as input and output operations were buffered on magnetic tapes, they could proceed independently of other central processing tasks that greatly increased throughput.

These two features made Univac I uniquely suited to large data-processing tasks. This second computer (installed in 1954) operated jointly with the Internal Revenue Service, was a duplicate arrhythmic unit of UNIVAC, so all errors were quickly detected. Many leading software programs were created by Census Bureau staff to sort and process large data files on these computers.

Chronology of UNIVAC I

1951

The first UNIVAC I was awarded to the Census Bureau on 14 June 1951.

1952

It made its star-studded public in November 1952 on the CBS television network.

1953

3 UNIVACs were established and in operation

1954

First successful industrial payroll application by General Electric.
A second UNIVAC 1, literally installed in the Census Bureau with Serial # 1. The second computer was identical except that instead of being cooled by recirculating air, it was water-cooled by two 52-ton air-conditioners located in the basement of the building. Since all computer memory was volatile, programs as well as files were loaded before each run, so computers were essentially interchangeable.

8 UNIVACs were established and in operation:

• Census Bureau, Department of Commerce, Suitland, Maryland
• Air Controller, USAF, Washington, D.C. Office of
• Army Map Service, US Army, Washington, DC
• New York University (for Atomic Energy Commission), NY, NY
• University of Cal, Radiation Laboratory, Livermore, California
• David Taylor Model Basin, U.S.N. Bureau of Ships, Maryland
• Prudential insurance company
• General Electric Company

1956

Westinghouse Electric Company established a UNIVAC to calculate the company’s payroll, sales records, sales performance analysis, and other company’s business.

1958

A total of 46 UNIVAC I computers were distributed.

I hope you understand what is UNIVAC-Univac Full Form.