HARTRON EXAM THEORY PART -17 Internet

Internet

The Internet is also called the Net. It is an electronic communication device. It is one of the largest networks connected to millions of computers around the world. You can access this network through communication devices and media such as models, cables, telephone lines and satellites.
No one knows exactly how many computers are connected to the Internet. However, it is decided that this number is in millions and is increasing day by day.

The Internet brings many features at your fingertips. You can send messages to anyone through this, you can make new friends, tackle tasks like banking, shopping, investment, tax payment, educational courses, playing games, listening to music or watching movies. The biggest advantage of internet is that you can use it anywhere on your computer, at home, at school or in a restaurant.With the help of internet, you can send online messages to your friends and even talk to them.
It does not matter where he is sitting. He must have a computer and internet connection.
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The Internet includes many local, regional, national and international networks. Although each of these networks are the property of a private or public institution, no single entity or organization is controlled and owned by the Internet. Every institution on the Internet is responsible only for maintaining its network.
Currently, 500 million people use the Internet in different parts of the world. The ability to use it anywhere is the feature that has the highest hand in increasing internet usage. Like at home, in school, in restaurant or in office.
If you want to succeed in today’s business world, then you have to understand the Internet. Without it you will lose a very important source of things, facilities, information and communication.

Things that can be done through the Internet – communication, banking, investment, purchase of things or facilities from anyone around the world, downloading and listening to music, watching movies, taking a course, searching for educational content, playing online games, reading magazines , Accessing another computer, sharing files, documents, etc., providing information, audio clips, video clip photos, etc.(HARTRON EXAM)

History of internet

Let us now try to know the brief history of the Internet.
This Pentagon originated in the US Department of Defense. A networking project called ARPA, the Advanced Research Projects Agency, was launched which acted as a network in which soldiers and scientists could send confidential information to each other without interruption in the scenario of war. This network called ARPANET started in September 1969.
In this, scientific and academic researchers were linked. As researchers came to know the advantages of sending information via electronic mail, its use grew and the network gained popularity. More than a thousand personal computers were added to this network since 1984, today the Internet has connected itself by attracting thousands of millions of computers.
Gradually researchers and scholars from other fields started using it.(HARTRON EXAM)

In 1986, the National Science Foundation added its vast network of five supercomputer centers.
It was called NSEnet. This merger of complex networks became known as the Internet.
Until 1995, NSTnet continued to handle a large amount of communication activity or traffic on the Internet. In 1995 he separated his network from the Internet and returned to his old status research network.
Net traffic was later handled by various corporations, business farms and other companies that provide the network. The network grew with telephone companies, cable and satellite companies, and government support in the internal structure of the Internet.(HARTRON EXAM)

Internet is not controlled by any government. It is a huge independent cooperative. Although no single person, company, institution or government agency owns or controls it, some agencies have participated in its success by giving advice, setting standards and giving information on other issues. The group that sets and researches standards and guidelines for different areas of the Internet is called the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).(HARTRON EXAM)

How does the Internet work

Computers connected to the Internet transfer data to each other around the world using clients and servers.
A computer that organizes the resources of a network such as programs and data and provides a central storage area is called a server.(HARTRON EXAM)

The computer that wants to access programs or data by accessing this storage area is called a client. A client on the Internet that can access files and programs on multiple servers is called a host computer. Your computer is the host computer itself.
The internal structure of the Internet consists of a transportation system. In a transportation system, most of the traffic is loaded by highway vehicles that connect major cities. Similarly, there are some main communication lines in the Internet which carry maximum load of traffic. These communication lines are jointly called the Internet backbone.
The Internet is a packet-based network. This means that whatever data you transfer gets divided into packets. So what happens when you transfer data between different networks of the Internet. Networks are connected to specialized computers called routers.(HARTRON EXAM)

A router first checks where your packet (data) needs to go and then decides in which direction to send it. It is not possible that each router is connected to another router. They only decide the direction of your data. To tell the router where the data has to go, there is a type of address called IP (Internet Protocol). The data transferred with the IP is distributed in the packet. This is handled by another protocol called TCP (Transmission Control Protocol).
Later it was discovered that IP addresses which are really just numbers, the computer can handle it easily but it is not possible for us as humans. The domain name came into existence in 1984 to deal with this. A domain name is the location of a person’s account on the Internet.(HARTRON EXAM)

Internet address

Like the postal system, the addressing system is used to send data to a particular place in the Internet. An IP address is a unique address used by one computer in a network to identify and communicate with another computer using the Internet Protocol Standard.
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The IP address consists of four groups of numbers. These groups are separated from each other by a dot (.). Numbers can range from 0 to 255. For example, 155.27.34.10 is an IP address.Usually the first part of the IP address identifies the network while the last computer is the specific one.
Remembering these numbers is very difficult to use. Therefore, instead of them on the Internet, text names were created which represent 1 or more IP addresses.

The text version of the IP address is called the domain name. The components of the domain name are also separated from each other by a dot (.). Each domain name has top level domain (TLD) abstractions that specify the type of entity that describes the type of entity that remains associated with the domain. Dotcom is the name that sometimes defines an entity that has a TLD of COM.
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A Domain Name System (DNS) is a system that stores domain names and their associated IP addresses on the Internet. Every time you give a domain name, the Internet server (DNS server) translates it to the corresponding IP address and sends the data to the right computer.