HARTRON EXAM THEORY PART -14 Network Tools

Network Tools

Many hardware are used for networks.

Server

A computer that provides information to its connected computers is called a server. Such as web server, mail server and LAN server. A typical server is a computer system that runs continuously in a network and waits for services from other computers connected to the network. Somewhere Sarwar remains devoted to this role but there are some who can also be used for other works.For example, a large desktop computer in a small office can act like a desktop work station for one person and a server for the rest of the computers.
Servers are physically similar to computers in common use today, although if they are dedicated to the role of the server, their hardware architecture may vary slightly to meet this role. The hardware is mostly the same as that used in standard computers, although the servers of the server are quite different from those used in desktop computers and work stations.
The server is the host of hardware resources. They make them available to control and share client computers. Such as printers (print servers) and file systems (file servers). This sharing is very good in terms of access control and security and also reduces the cost by avoiding hardware duplication.

Network printer

Printers are connected to the network to reduce the cost of printing. If network printer is used, then every user will need their own separate printer.
Most network printers are connected to the network using network adapters. The network cable is plugged into the network adapter that is behind the printer. Most network printers can be connected to a wide variety of networks.

Printer server

A printer server is a host computer or device that is connected to 1 or more computers. It takes a job to print from client computers connected in its network and then sends the data accordingly to the printer to print it out. is.

Network interface card

A network card, network adapter, or NIC (Network Interface Controller) is a piece of computer hardware that allows computers connected in a computer network to communicate with each other.
When a network interface creates a card, it is given a unique hardware address. When the information is sent or received, the address of the hardware is helpful in identifying the network interface card.
The network interface for different types of operating systems comes with a card driver. A driver is software through which the operating system network interface exchanges information about the card’s seed. For the network interface card to function properly it is necessary that the correct driver is installed. If the operating system does not automatically install the driver after adding the network interface card, then you will have to install the driver manually.
Wireless Network Interface Controller (WNIC) is a network card that is connected to a radio based computer network. This common network interface card is not connected to a wire based network like NIC. WNIC is an essential tool for wireless desktop computers. This card uses an antenna to communicate via microwave.

Hub

The hub is used at the center where all the cables in the network meet. Hubs are found in most modern networks. Earlier they were used only in star structure networks but now it is common to use computers. Many types of network structures are now using hubs as the primary method for connecting computers.
The hub has a socket or port where cables coming from computer equipment are plugged. The hub usually has 4,8,16 or 24 ports. Usually each port has an indicator light which is called light emitting diode (LED). The light goes on when the computer is connected to the port and is on. LEDs also indicate when information is shifting from one place to another through the port.

Connecting two or more hubs is called channeling. A large hub can be connected to up to 24 computers. If there are more than 24 computers in the network, then two or more hubs will have to be used.
It is very easy to add, remove or fit the chains of computers or hubs in a hub. The cable can be easily removed from one port to another port. There is also no need for this process to shut down the witch network.

The switch

A network switch (or just switch) is a network device that performs transparent bridging up to hardware speed. Common hardware includes switches that can connect at 10,100 or 1000 mega bits per second. It occurs in the form of duplex and half and flowers. Half duplex means that at one time the device can receive data, it can send, while in a full duplex, the device can also send and receive data at the same time. The switch can be used in place of the hub.
When a network is to be extended to add a new user or for a more complex application, it may be that more information is ready to be transferred to the network than it has the ability to transfer. It is natural that the network will either work during the day or any other problem will arise in it. To avoid this and to increase the capacity of the network, replace the hub in the overload network with a switch.During this replacement, there is no need to replace other network components such as the cable system.

Security:

Switches help decide that information that is being shifted through the network is protected. The hub transfers the information to every computer in the network, while in the switch, this information is available only to the desired receiver.

Routing switch:

Some switches are called routing switches. These have router-like capabilities. Routing switches identify information sent to a location on the network and guide them. Apart from this, routing switches also have the ability to send the information in the same way by finding the best way to get the information to their destination.

Repeater

Repeaters are electronic devices that receive and transmit low or low-level signals, making them high-level or high-power, so that the signal can travel long distances without interruption. These LANs are used to interconnect segments and increase WEN transmission.
Signals weaken from one place to another in the cable. Where is it usually known as attenuation. Repeaters protect against problems that result from weak reading of the signal.
Repeaters are used to increase the length of cables connecting interconnecting computer devices in a network. Repeaters prove to be very useful at a time where computers need long cables to connect to each other, such as in a large warehouse network.

Bridge

A device that combines two networks into one large logical network so that information can be exchanged between them.
Bridges are used to interconnect small networks so that all those networks can work together as one large network.
The bridge also proves to be very helpful in dividing a busy network into smaller parts. Busy networks need to be distributed when network traffic is to be reduced. A bridge can keep this part of the network separate from the rest.

Router

A router is a computer network device that can send data from anywhere in the network. This entire process is called outing.
A router acts as a junction between two or more networks so that packets of data move between them. A different form of router switch. Switches connect devices to form a local area network. The easiest way to understand the various functions of routers and switches Consider the switch to be the neighborhood roads and the router to be portions of the road. A large network may have more than one route through which information can reach its destination. There are also some routers that automatically detect if something is wrong with the flat part of the network or it is too slow. In such a situation, the router tries not to send the information from the problem area to its destination by some other way so that there is least impact of network disturbances. Where does the router go wise as it detects Which would be the best way to reach any information of.

Type of router:

Most routers automatically detect the best route for information. When working with older routers called static routers, network administrators had to manually tell the router to keep information of each route. While new routers, these are called dynamic routers, they automatically maintain and maintain a table of all the routes available in the network.

Wide area network (WAN):

Routers are very helpful in connecting local area networks to wide area networks. Routers are also helpful in dividing wide area networks into segments. This helps reduce the amount of information running in the network and maintains the efficiency of the WAN.