HARTRON EXAM THEORY PART -09 Operating system type

Operating system types

The first operating systems were obsolescent devices. Device dependent software products used to run only certain types of computers. When manufacturers introduce new computer models, they often produce improvised and separate operating systems. Problems arise when the user wishes to leave the computer model or manufacturer. Users’ application software often does not work on new computers because application software is designed to work with a specific operating system. Some operating systems are still device dependents.
Now device independent operating systems have come which run computers of many manufacturers. The advantage of the device independent operating system is that even if you change the computer model, you can still keep the data files on the existing application software.

DOS

The term DOS (Disk Operating System) describes several single user operating systems that were developed for PCs in the early 1980s. Among the doses, PC-dose and MS-dose were the two most widespread versions. Microsoft created PC-dos for IBM that were sold and installed by IBM on their computers. At the same time Microsoft sold MS-Dose to the makers of IBM subsidiary personal computers.DOS used the command line interface when Microsoft first developed it. Subsequent DOS versions included both the command line and menu drive user interfaces with improved memory and disk management. Today DOS is not widely used, as it cannot make graphical user interfaces and cannot take full advantage of the modern 32 bit microprocessor. Although it has few users, most of them prefer the graphical user interface of the Windows platform.

Windows 3.x

Microsoft developed Windows to meet the needs of an operating system that has a graphical user interface. Windows 3.0 refers to Windows 3.0, Windows 3.1 and Windows 3.11. Windows 3.x version was not an operating system, instead it was an operating environment. The operating system is a graphical user interface. Which works to make the use of operating system easier. Windows 3.x was designed as an operating environment for DOS.
Windows 3.1 works with MS DOS to control all the activities of the computer. MS DOS is required to operate it. Therefore it is not the real operating system.

Windows 95

Windows 95 replaced Windows 3.x. Windows 95 was released in August 1995. It is a 32 bit operating system that needs at least Intel 386 chip. It is a self-contained operating system which is a built-in and improved version of DOS. Windows 95 runs all three Windows 95, Windows 3. x and DOS. Windows 95 has plug and play and network capabilities.

Windows nt

Windows NT is a family of operating systems created by Microsoft. Its first version was released in 1993. Microsoft windows nt Client server is the operating system designed for the network. Windows n the server. Used T. Server and Clients Windows N. Connected to the server of T. work station. Windows n T. workstations have a Windows 95 interface.

Windows 98

Windows 98 is the graphical operating system released by Microsoft on June 25, 1998, and replaced Windows 95. After some improvements in the operating system of Windows 98, Windows 98 s. E. was released on 5 May 1998. Windows 98 includes programs that allow you to view and exchange information on Internet Explorer Outlook Express and the front page. Windows 98 facilitates faster startup and shutdown of the system and better file management.Windows 98 Universal Serial Bus supports USB, so that you can easily end and remove devices in your computer.

Windows 2000

This Microsoft Windows N. T. Line is part of the operating system and was released on 17 February 2000. Windows 2000 is built on anti-kernel and interface features that Windows N. T., is similar to Windows 95 and Windows 98. Windows 2000 Professional, Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Data Center Server have been added to the Windows 2000 line. Windows 2000 Actually Windows N. T. 5.0 was announced.

Windows m.e.

Windows Millennium, called Windows ME, is a successor to the edition Windows 95 and 98. Windows ME was marketed as a home edition compared to the Windows 2000 release 7 months ago. It features Internet Explorer 5.5, Windows Media Player 7, the new Windows Movie Maker software for basic video editing and has been designed for the ease of the home user. Microsoft updated the graphical user interface with some features in Windows ME, which were previously introduced in Windows 2000.With the Windows ME feature, you can restore your computer. If you find a problem in the computer, you can use the System Restore feature to move your computer to the date before the problem occurred.

Windows x. P.

Microsoft windows x. P. is specially designed for home computing and large organizations. Windows x. P. Aap experiences the digital age experience. Windows X built on the Solid Foundation of Windows 2000. P. sets new standards in Efficient and Dependable Computing. Two popular versions of Windows XP are Windows XP Home Edition and Windows XP Professional.Windows XP Media Center Edition is an additional multimedia feature that enhances the ability to record TV shows, watch DVDs and listen to music.

Windows Vista

Windows Vista is the name of the latest release of Microsoft Windows. It is a graphical operating systems line of personal computers including home business desktop, notebook computers and media centers. Windows Vista has hundreds of new features. Some of these are updated graphical user interfaces, visual style dubbed Windows Arrow, improved searching features, new multimedia creation tools like Windows DVD Maker, newly designed complete networking, audio, print and display subsystems.

Windows anti server

It was developed by Microsoft as an operating system for client and server networks. The server uses Windows NT Server in this environment. Client computers have used Windows NT Work Station or any other stand-alone version of Windows.

Windows nt work station

Windows NT Work Station is a version of the Windows NT operating system that works on clients and servers and on a peer-to-peer network. Many powerful applications are designed specifically to run on a Windows NT work station.

Windows 2000 server

Windows 2000 Server is an improved version of Windows Anti-Server. Windows 2000 Server shares the same user interface with Windows 2000 Professional, but has additional components for running infrastructure and application software. The Windows 2000 Server family has three products to meet the needs of different levels of servers:
This is Windows 2000 Server, Windows 2000 Advanced Server and Windows 2000 Data Center Server. Windows 2000 Server is the operating system for a particular business network. Windows 2000 Advanced Server is the operating system designed for e-commerce applications. Windows 2000 Data Center Server is perfect for demand and large scale applications like data warehousing.

Unicus

It is a multi-user and multitasking operating system widely used as a master control program in workstations and servers. There are many versions of Unix in the market except the PC based on Windows. Almost every hardware vendor assigns a unique score to either the primary or secondary operating system. Over the years, Sun and SCO have emerged as big sponsors of Anix. It is written in Unix C language.Both Unix and A. T. &. Developed by T and openly distributed to Government Bank Academic Institutions as it was potted on the wide variety of the play machine family of any other operating system. As a result, Unix became synonymous with ‘open system’.
Many of the earlier computers ran Unix operating systems to establish the Internet. Even today there are more comprehensive operating systems used for Unix servers and the Internet.
Power: Unix operating system is very powerful. It is harder to install and setup than other operating systems but it provides higher control over the resort and power of the computer. Computer performance can increase greatly when Unix is ??run.
Security: Unix has several build in security features to protect information from accidental deletes and unauthorized users’ access. Unix is ??its popular operating system on the Internet due to its strong security features.
Multitasking: was originally developed as an operating system for single large computers called Unix mainframes. Because multiple uses can access mainframe computers at the same time. So Unix was developed to do multiple programs and multitasking to do multiple tasks at once. Unix’s multi-tasking capability makes it an efficient operating system for networks.

Linux

Linux is a Unix-based operating system available on the World Wide Web. Many companies like Red Hate, Coral and Mandrake make easy-to-use versions of Linux that you can buy. Red head Linux is the popular version that comes with Gnome (GNOME) desktop environment. The genome displays pictures on the screen to help you work.
Linux is the open source code of the operating system. It can be copied, modified and distributed with some restrictions. Linux is open source code so the operating system can be customized to meet the individual needs of different networks. This flexibility is also one of the reasons that is so popular among Linux users.

Windows 2003 server

Windows 2003 Server is a server operating system designed by Microsoft. It was introduced on 28 March 2003 in place of the Windows 2000 server. It was described by Microsoft as the foundation stone for Business Server Products and their Windows Server system line. The Windows Server 2003 update, officially called R-2, was released for manufacturing on 6 December 2005. It was distributed as a second CD with the first CD of Windows Server 2003 sp1.This release added several optional installable features for Windows Server 2003 including sp1.

Utility programs

Most operating systems have multiple utility programs. It is a type of system software. Which is usually the work done by the computer to manage its device or its programs. They are also called utilities. You can buy separate utilities that add to the operating system capacity. Some utilities are web based utility services, you pay an annual fee to use them.Allows you to access the web and use utility programs. McAfee and Norton provide web-based utility services.

File compression

The file compression utility is used to shrink the file size. Storage media space is left, because compressed files take less storage space than original files. This increases the performance of the system. A compressed file usually has a jeep extension, it is also called a zip file. When you receive a compress file, you must uncompress it. To uncompress or unzip, you restore it in its original form.PK Jeep and WinZip are two popular stand alone file compression.

Uninstaller

There is a utility called Uninstaller which removes the file entries associated with this application from an application and your system file. When you install an application, the operating system records the information that is used to run the software in the system files. If you remove the application and remove the folders from the program without running the uninstaller, remove the application from your computer.Even then the system file entries remain in your computer. Most operating systems have an uninstaller.

Disk scanner

A disk scanner is a utility that searches and corrects the problems of hard disks or floppy disks and removes unnecessary files. Windows has two disk scanners. One detects the problem and the other searches for it and removes unnecessary files such as temperature files.

screen saver

Screen Saver is such a utility. If for some time there is no activity with the keyboard and mouse, the screen saver produces a moving image or black screen on the monitor’s screen. When you press the keyboard key or move the mouse, the previous display image returns to the screen. Screen saver is popular in business or entertainment. You can configure your screen saver to secure your computer So that a user must type the password to stop the screen saver and to redisplay the previous image.

Disk defragment

This utility recovers files and unused space on the computer’s hard disk so that the operating system can access data faster. This is called disk defragment. When the operating system stores data on disk, it keeps the data in the first available sector on the disk. Although its continuous attempts to store data in nearby or adjacent sectors, this is not always possible.When the contents of a file are scattered in two or more continuous sectors, the file is fragmented. Fragmentation slows down the access of the disk and the performance of the entire computer. Defragmentation of the disk fixes this problem and the files occur in continuous sectors.