HARTRON EXAM THEORY PART -08 System software

System software

There are two types of system software operating systems and utility programs. This chapter discusses various utility programs with personal computers and operating systems.

Operating System

The operating system (OS) is a set of programs that has instructions for coordinating all activities between computer hardware resources. For example, the operating system recognizes input from input devices such as keyboard mouse microphones or PC cameras.Coordinates displaying the output on the monitor, instructs the printer how and when to print the information and manages the data and instructions in memory and the disk pastor information. The computer needs an operating system to provide and operate a graphical user interface for higher level functions. There are several types of operating systems. Mostly one type of function is called
These include starting a computer, providing a user interface, managing programs, managing memory, scheduling jobs, monitoring performance and providing housekeeping services. Some other operating systems allow you to control and secure the network Allow In most cases, the operating system is in the computer’s hard disk. Small handheld computers may also have an operating system ROM (read only memory) chip.
Different operating systems are suitable in computers of different sizes. For example, a mainframe computer does not use the same operating system as a desktop computer. Even one-of-a-kind computers, such as desktop computers, do not use the same type of operating system. One personal computer can use Windows, the other can be found using the make operating system. Even more, these different operating system characters may also be mismatched from each other.Which operating system runs a personal computer. It is possible that the operating system can run on Apple Computer. Also, application software that works with one operating system may not work with another.

Main functions or functions of the operating system
Computer start

Starting and restarting a computer is called voting. When you turn the computer on after shutting down, you cold boot. Warmwood is one that already has power on the computer and you restart.
Every time you make a computer good, Kernel and other parts use the instructions of the operating system. Instructions The computer’s memory is loaded or copied from hard disk storage in RAM. The kernel is the core (central part) of the operating system that manages memory and devices (computer clock) applications start, and who determines the resources of the computer such as devices, programs, data and information. Karnail is a resident of memory.This means that when the computer runs, it remains in memory. Other ports of the operating system are non-resident. This means that their instruction is that they remain on the hard disk until needed.

The following steps explain what a personal computer does during cold boot when using the Windows operating system:

-When you turn on the computer. So the power supply sends an electronic signal to the mother board and other devices located in the system unit.

-The charge of electricity resets itself and the ROM (read only memory) moves towards the jeep. The ROM chip has a BIOS (BIOS). Bios (basic input / output system) is the firmware that contains the instructions for startup of the computer.

-Boyos checks the entire series of tests to make sure that the computer hardware is properly connected and operating. These tests are known as Power on Self Test (POST) as a whole, which checks various system components such as bus, system clock, expansion card, RAM chips, keyboard and drive. As soon as the post is activated, the lands (LEDs) flicker on the device including the disk drive and keyboard. Many beeps sound and there are many message displays on the screen of the monitor.

-Post compares the data on the CMOS chip on the mother board. The amount of memory in the CMOS chip is a disk drive type keyboard and monitor current date and time and other startup information such as computer-related information information stores. It also detects any under-device connected to the computer. If a problem is found, depending on the severity of the problem, the computer may beep or display error messages or stop operating.

-If the post is successfully completed, the BIOS system searches the operating system files called files. Generally, the operating system first looks at the drive A instead of the floppy disk drive. If the system file does not contain drive A. So Bios usually looks for Drive C instead of the first hard disk. If there is no system file in drive A and drive C, some computers look at the CD ROM or DVD ROM drive.

-The first memory loaded in the system is the file locket and the executive. Further, the operating system kernel loads them into memory and the operating system controls the computer in memory.
-Operating system loads configuration information calls. Windows registry contains many files that contain system configuration information.Windows continues to access the registry continuously while operating the computer for installed hardware and devices and mouse speed passwords and other user information.