WHAT IS NETWORKING |FULL DETAIL, ITS EXTRA KNOWLEDGE

Data Communication and Networking

Sending data and information to another place is called data communication. In network terms, when digital data is transmitted between two or more computers or computer networks or other computing devices, it is called data communication. A physical connection or a wireless connection can be used to establish communication between two devices. Internet is the best example of this.

Types of Data Communication –

Simplex (Simplex Communication)
Half-Duplex Communication
Full-duplex communication
It is a one-way or unidirectional communication between two devices in which one device is the sender and the other is the receiver.

Simplex System

Simplex Communication System is a type of communication channel which works to send information in only one direction. This is a unidirectional system. In this, data is transmitted only by one device and can be received only by one device like – keyboard and CPU in which only keyboard sends data and CPU receives data.

Half-Duplex Communication system –

A method of communication in which data can be transmitted or received, but cannot transmit and receive simultaneously. The simplest example is the walkie-talkie. When two people use a walkie-talkie to communicate, at any given time, only one of them can talk while the other listens. If both try to talk together, a collision occurs.

Full-duplex communication) –

An example of a common type of full-duplex communication is a telephone call. Where both parties communicate at the same time. Half-duplex, by comparison, would be a walkie-talkie conversation where both parties take turns talking.

Features of data communication –

Correct Destination:

It is essential that packets be sent to the correct destination during data communication. Data should reach the designated device and user only.

Accuracy : The data being sent must be correct. If any data is unusable then it should be discarded so that it reaches its destination in pure form.

Timelines: It is essential that the data reaches its destination in a given time. This is called real time transmission. If the data is in the form of video and audio apart from text, it also needs to be delivered at the right time.

Jitter: It shows the variation in time between arrival and departure of packets. Usually, audio or video has uneven delay in the transmission of packets. If there is a delay in the delivery of a packet, its quality degrades.

Components of data communication system:-

Message:

Information for communication in massage can be in the form of text, number, picture, video, audio etc.

Transmission medium:

The transmission medium remains in the form of a physical path. Transmission medium is done through twisted pair cable, fiber optical cable, coaxial cable, and radio wave etc. Its function is to send and receive data.

Protocol:

Without a protocol, two devices can be connected but communication between them is not possible. A protocol contains a set of rules. In this, agreement is made for communication between two devices.

Sender: Sender is the device that sends the message (data). The sender can be computer, video, camera, workstation, telephone handset etc.

Receiver: Receiver is the device in which we receive information. Like the sender, the receiver can be computer, video, camera, workstation, telephone handset etc.

Computer Networking –
When two or more computers are connected to each other through some medium (wire or wireless), it is called a network.

computer networking
When two or more computers are connected to each other through some medium (wire or wireless), it is called a computer network.

Types of networks –

Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)

computer networking
When two or more computers are connected to each other through some medium (wire or wireless), it is called a computer network.

Types of networks –

Local Area Network (LAN)

Local Area Network is used extensively because it works to connect computers in a fixed and small geographical area. The use of this network is limited to an area of ??a few kilometers in an office, factory, school, college or university campus. Local Area Network is controlled by any one person or institution. Its size or area is quite small but the speed of data transfer is very fast and less error occurs in it.

LAN is used for data sharing, printer sharing, data storage, document printing etc. To establish a local area network, not much hardware is required, it can be created only through HUB, Switch, Network Adapter, Router or Ethernet Cable. 1000 computers can be connected together in LAN. LAN is used through Ethernet cable. But nowadays it is being used in wireless also.

Thus, Local Area Network is the best network for small area. Bus Topology and Coaxial Cable are used to connect computers in LAN. Due to its spread over a small area, it is very easy to maintain.

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

They connect computers located in a large geographical area and form a network, which is called Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). Through this, schools, colleges, hospitals etc. located in the same city are connected to each other through the network.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wide Area Network is a network that connects computers spread across the country or the whole world. Wide area networks are formed by connecting local area networks and metropolitan area networks. This is the largest network which connects computers all over the world. The best example of WAN is the Internet.

Computer networking equipment –

HUB

Hubs are used to connect different hardware devices together. Through a hub, two or more networks can be connected so that data can be exchanged. There are many ports present in HUB and the data coming on any one port remains available on each of its ports. From where data can be obtained in all the computers connected through networking.

Switch

Switch is also a hardware device, which connects different computers through networking. Switch is more intelligent than hub. Because Hub only forwards the data packet, but Switch along with forwarding the data packet also filters it.

Bridge

It is the act of interconnecting two LANs (Local Area Network) that use the same protocol. It works by examining each data packet and sending it to the same LAN for which the data is meant.

Router

On the Internet, data signals are sent from one place to another through packets. The router works to deliver data packets to a specified location by the shortest and fastest route. With the help of software, the router checks the IP address written on the data packet sent over the network and sends it in the right direction. A router works with a combination of both hardware and software. It connects two networks together through wire or wireless. At present only Wireless Routers are being used.

Modem

Modem is mostly used to access the internet. Modem works to connect the computer to the network through a telephone line. The telephone line understands only analog data. Whereas the computer understands digital data meaning binary numbers (0 and 1). The modem converts digital data generated in the computer into analog data, which is sent over the telephone line. After which the modem converts the analog data received over the telephone line into digital data, making it usable by the computer, and sends it to another computer.

Repeater

Repeaters are electronic network devices that increase network signal power. This prevents data from being lost. It is a network device that receives data signals and re-transmits them. Data signals may have to travel long distances in the network, which increases the possibility of data signals being lost. With the help of repeater, data can be transmitted over long distances without getting lost.

• What is VPN- Virtual Private Network Detail

• What is network Definition and examples

• What is network topology and its Types

• HARTRON EXAM THEORY PART -15 Network communication technology

• Computer Networking-LAN-WAN-MAN | Its Benefits Full Details