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WHAT IS PROGRAM LANGUAGE| FULL DETAIL ,ITS EXTRA KNOWLEDGE
Computer Language
Every country and state has its own language, and it is through this language that people are able to understand each other. Similarly, computers also have their own language, which they understand, perform calculations, and return results. Programming languages are computer languages designed by computer scientists to develop computer applications. Like traditional languages, programming languages also have their own grammar, including syllables, nouns, sentences, and so on.
Types of Programming Language
There are many programming languages.
We understand some, and some are only understood by computers. Languages that only computers understand are generally called low-level languages, while languages that we can understand are called high-level languages.
Low Level Language
Languages that do not involve any translator to convert their codes into machine signals are called low-level languages. That is, the code of a low-level language does not require any translation. Machine language and assembly language are two examples of such languages. However, using them in programs is very difficult. Using it requires in-depth knowledge of the computer’s hardware. It is very time-consuming and error-prone. Its execution is faster with high-level languages. There are two types:
- Machine Language
- Assembly Language
Machine Language
A computer system interprets the symbols of a single digit, which is binary 1 or 0. Therefore, instructions are given to the computer only in binary code (1 or 0), and those instructions given in binary code are called machine language. Machine Level Language Simple for the machine and difficult for the programmer. Machine language programs are also very difficult to maintain because they are prone to errors. Machine language works differently on each computer system, so code from one computer may not run on another.
Assembly Language
Assembly language instructions are given in the form of English words, such as NOV, ADD, SUB, etc.
This is called “mnemonic code.” Assembly language is easier to understand than machine language, but as we know, a computer is an electronic device and only understands binary code. Therefore, a program written in assembly languageIt has to be translated into machine-level language. A translator that translates assembly language into machine language is called an assembler.
Data is stored in computer registers, and each computer has its own register set, so a program written in assembly language is not legible. This means that we have to translate it again for another computer system.
High level language
High-level languages are designed with the characteristic of being legible, meaning they are machine-readable. They are coded like English, making them easy to code and understand. This requires a translator that translates high-level language programs into machine code.
- Third Generation Language
- Fourth Generation Language
Third Generation Language
Third Generation Languages were the first languages that allowed programmers to learn about machine and
Liberated from writing programs in assembly languages. Third generation languages are not machine dependent. Therefore, there was no need to understand the machine’s architecture to write programs. Furthermore, programs became portable, allowing them to be copied from one computer to another, along with their compilers and interpreters. Some of the most popular third-generation languages include FORTRAN, BASIC, COBOL, PASCAL, C, C++, etc.
Fourth Generation Language
Fourth-generation languages are easier to use than third-generation languages. Generally, fourth-generation languages have a visual environment, while third-generation languages had a textual environment. In the textual environment, programmers use English words to create source code. A one-line statement in fourth-generation languages is equivalent to an eight-line statement in third-generation languages. In a visual environment, programmers use toolbars to drag and drop items such as buttons, labels, and text boxes. IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) are characterized by their application compiler and runtime support. Microsoft Visual Studio and Java Studio are two examples.
Advantages
- Fourth-generation languages are easy to learn and easy to develop software in.
- Fourth-generation languages have a textual interface as well as a graphical interface.
- Programmers have a wide variety of options available in fourth-generation languages because of their large number of options.
- Programming in fourth-generation languages takes up less space because one line of this generation language is equivalent to several lines of a full third-generation language.
- Fourth-generation languages are not difficult to access.
Disadvantages
- Fourth-generation languages can only be run on high-end computers.
- Languages of this generation require less expertise. This means that because programming is easy, even novices are able to develop software. As a result, the importance of experts is reduced.
- This generation has a wide range of programming languages, making it difficult to decide which ones to use and which ones to leave out.
